(27 April - 1st May 2007)
INTRODUCTION
The
next plenary session of the Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences will be
devoted to the study of Charity and Justice in the Relations Among Peoples
and Nations. In the recent past, the Academy has devoted sessions to the
study of globalisation and these have enabled us to see that there is a lack of
charity and justice in the world we live in. This may be summarised in a general
way as: disproportionate reallocations, promises not honoured, and unequal
divisions. In addition, we are faced with new signs of the times that are very
worrying. All of this has been met by the renewed appeal to charity and justice
made by the Pope, Benedict XVI, in particular in his encyclical Deus Caritas
Est. These facts and this appeal form an important part of the background to
our meeting.
The
subject of the session will be the relations among peoples and nations:
the developed, the developing, the emerging and the poor. We will ask ourselves
whether these relations, in the light of the social Magisterium of the Church,
can become more just, fairer, and more peaceful, and what the route should be to
achieve such ends. In other words, is a partnership for charity and justice
possible in the globalised world?
1.
Worrying recent signs of the times
Although it is at times a common conviction that the pursuit of charity and
justice at the international level is of key importance for contemporary
society, at the same time we encounter signs that are working in the opposite
direction:
The
re-emergence of nationalism.
In developing and developed countries there are signs of crisis as regards two
key features of the process of globalisation: one is a human problem and relates
to increased legal and illegal international migration and the political
resistance to it; the second is economic and relates to the tensions between
protectionism and free trade.
Weak
convergence.
In spite of continuing rapid economic growth in many developing countries,
signals of economic and social convergence between developed and developing
countries are still confined to only to a few of this last category. This is not
only the case at the economic level but is also true in the field of education.
Pervasive poverty.
At the same time, even in countries that have a fast-growing economy, the
incidence of poverty and extreme poverty is still very high.
The
weakness of multilateralism.
Bilateralism is growing stronger and most multilateral institutions, such as the
UN, the WTO, the IMF, the World Bank, and even some of their regional
counterparts, are demonstrating signs of weakness and tiredness. However, no
institutions are presently emerging to replace them.
Millennium Goals.
These were based on a broad international consensus but there are now
well-grounded doubts about the possibility of really implementing them within
the time envisaged. The previous consensus on the Millennium Goals is thus
beginning to crumble. As a result, there is a need for further reflection on the
mechanisms by which these goals can be achieved, together with the formulation
of new proposals.
Insufficient and inefficient aid.
The aid that has been given has fallen far short of the goal of allocating 0.7%
of the GDP of developed countries to foreign aid. In addition, the aid that has
been given has often been inefficiently distributed and utilised both by
international organisations and by local governments and agencies.
Terrorism and war.
As the events of 11 September 2001 indicate, the beginning of the new century
has been characterised by a notable increase in the social and moral scourge of
terrorism. At the same time, the world is still afflicted on a large scale by
wars between countries and wars within countries.
2.
The Encyclical Deus Caritas Est of Pope Benedict XVI
Our
meeting wants to draw inspiration from the Pope’s first encyclical and its
important implications. In particular this document reminds us that the
theological and human virtue of charity must preside over all of the social
teaching and all of the social works of the Church and her members. First of
all, this encyclical leads us to the centre of our faith, to the truth that ‘God
is love’. Thus the Pope declares that ‘Jesus united into a single precept this
commandment of love for God and the commandment of love for neighbour’. The Pope
draws our attention to the fact that this teaching is both timely and
significant ‘In a world where the name of God is sometimes associated with
vengeance or even a duty of hatred and violence’.
This
is why Deus Caritas Est has been correctly described as being in part a
social encyclical. It is love (caritas) that animates the Church’s care
for the needy, the work of lay women and men for justice and peace in the
secular sphere, and is the leavening force of the Church in society. And without
love, as Paul told the Corinthians, our words and works will come to nothing.
Indeed, Deus Caritas Est places itself in the long lineage of other
social encyclicals (cf. n. 27), not only because it addresses the virtue of
charity but also because it attributes primary importance to the virtue of
justice. Indeed, it has a highly significant reference to a famous statement on
this virtue by one of the great figures of Tradition: ‘As Augustine once said, a
State which is not governed according to justice would be just a bunch of
thieves: “Remota itaque iustitia quid sunt regna nisi magna latrocinia?”’.
Taking into consideration traditional philosophical-political doctrines and also
(in a critical way) the Marxist demand for a fair distribution of goods by
public powers, Benedict XVI declares: ‘In today’s complex situation, not least
because of the growth of a globalized economy, the Social Doctrine of the Church
has become a set of fundamental guidelines offering approaches that are even
beyond the confines of the Church: in the face of ongoing development these
guidelines need to be addressed in the context of dialogue with all those
seriously concerned for humanity and for the world in which we live’ (n. 27).
When
discussing the relationship between the Church, a ‘Community of Love’,
and politics, the Pope’s approach to justice is particularly relevant to the
social sciences and to the role of the Magisterium of the Church. First of all,
the Pope offers the strongest vision that has ever been formulated in the
contemporary age on the relationship between politics and justice: ‘The just
ordering of society and the State is a central responsibility of politics’.
Indeed, ‘Justice is both the aim and the intrinsic criterion of all politics’.
For the Pope justice (and politics) is not a mere utilitarian or contractual
technique but ‘by its very nature has to do with ethics’ (n. 28). In contrast to
the solely descriptive and value-free understanding of human action proposed by
many within the human and social sciences, the Pope upholds the importance of
practical reason by renewing the question of the most just political order.
However, he perceives the modern danger of detaching reason from faith: ‘if
reason is to be exercised properly, it must undergo constant purification, since
it can never be completely free of the danger of a certain ethical blindness
caused by the dazzling effect of power and special interests’. Indeed, we cannot
but engage in an assessment of our sense of justice in the light of faith: ‘From
God’s standpoint, faith liberates reason from its blind spots and therefore
helps it to be ever more fully itself’.
This
critical work of faith frees reason from its limits: ‘Faith enables reason to do
its work more effectively and to see its proper object more clearly’. Not only
the historical dimension of the meaning of justice, founded on both the Jewish
and Christian traditions and the Roman and Greek inheritance, but also its
contemporary meaning, derive from the constant purification that faith brings to
reason: ‘This is where Catholic social doctrine has its place: it has no
intention of giving the Church power over the State. Even less is it an attempt
to impose on those who do not share the faith ways of thinking and modes of
conduct proper to faith’. To conclude, here, too, the Pope attributes to the
Christian a fundamental task and stresses that the aim of the social doctrine of
the Church ‘is simply to help purify reason and to contribute, here and now, to
the acknowledgement and attainment of what is just’ (n. 28a).
The
Holy Father, in conformity with this teaching on charity and justice, thus calls
for the structures of charitable service in the social context of the present
day to promote the wellbeing of individuals, of peoples and of humanity: ‘Our
times call for a new readiness to assist our neighbours in need…Concern for our
neighbour transcends the confines of national communities and has increasingly
broadened its horizon to the whole world’ (n. 30).
3.
Preliminary programme
The
reflections contained in the above two sections have led us to believe that our
next plenary session should be organised in the tentative programme that you can
find in the following pages.
Part
of the last morning will be given over to the Papal Audience if, as we keenly
hope, this will take place.
PROGRAMME
Thursday, 26 April 2007
11:30 Press Conference at the Vatican
Sala Stampa
15:00-19:00 Council Meeting
Friday, 27 April
2007
9:00 Remarks of the President
Prof. Mary Ann Glendon
9:50 Session 1
Chairperson: Msgr. Michel Schooyans
Speakers:
– H.E. Msgr. Paul Josef Cordes
– Father Joseph A. Di Noia OP
Charity and Justice
in the Relations Among Peoples and Nations: the Encyclical Deus Caritas Est of
Pope Benedict XVI
Commentators:
– H.E. Msgr. Roland Minnerath
– Prof. Herbert Schambeck
11:20 Break
11:50 Session 2
Chairperson: Prof. Paul Kirchhof
[invited]
Speaker:
– Prof. Philip Allott
International
Society and the Idea of Justice
Commentators:
– Prof. Hans Zacher
– H.E. Msgr. Marcelo Sánchez Sorondo
13:30 Lunch at the Casina Pio IV
15:15 Session 3
Chairperson: Prof. Bedrik Vymetalík
Speaker:
– Prof. Giorgio Vittadini
International Justice and the Role of Charities and Civil Society, with Special
Reference to the Role of the Catholic Church
Commentators:
– Prof. Margaret Archer
– Prof. Mina M. Ramirez
16:45 Break
17:30 Session 4
Chairperson: Prof. Partha Dasgupta
Speaker:
– H.E. Prof. Luis Ernesto
Derbez Bautista
Fairness in
International Investments and Financing
Commentators:
– Prof. Hans Tietmeyer
– Prof. José T. Raga
– Prof. François Perigot
19:15 Dinner at the Casina Pio IV
Saturday, 28 April 2007
SOLIDARITY AND JUSTICE IN PURSUIT OF
THE MILLENNIUM GOALS: IS GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP POSSIBLE?
9:00 Session 5
Chairperson: Prof. Juan J. Llach
Speaker:
– Mr. Thomas L. Friedman
Can a Flat World
also be a Humane World?
Commentators:
– Prof. Kenneth Arrow
– Prof. Louis Sabourin
10:45 Break
11:15 Session 6
Chairperson: H.Em. Renato R. Card.
Martino
Round Table:
– Dr. Jean-Pierre Landau
– Fmr President Prof. Edmond
Malinvaud
– Prof. Joseph Stiglitz
International
Justice and Aid. Do We Need some Scheme of Redistribution of Income at the World
Level Along the Lines of What Most Countries Have at the National Level?
13:00 Lunch at the Casina Pio IV
15:00 Session 7
Chairperson: Prof. Louis Sabourin
Speaker:
– Dr. Henry Kissinger
Current
International Trends and World Peace
Commentators:
– H.E. Amb. Hanna Suchocka
– Fmr President Prof. Belisario
Betancur
17:00 Break
17:30 Session 8
Speaker:
– Dr. José Miguel Insulza
International
Justice, International Law and World Peace
Commentators:
– Prof. Vittorio Possenti
– Prof. Krzysztof
Skubiszewski
19:00 Dinner at the Casina Pio IV
Sunday, 29 April
2007
7:00 Bus leaves Domus Sanctae Marthae
on pilgrimage to Assisi
10:30 Holy Mass at the Basilica
13:00 Lunch at Assisi
Monday, 30 April
2007
9:00 Session 9
Chairperson: H.E. Msgr.
Celestino Migliore
Speaker:
– Prof. Jeffrey Sachs
International Justice and Poverty. Are the Millennium Goals Enough to Free the
Poorest from Poverty? The Millennium Goals and the Role of the Family
Commentators:
– Prof. Ombretta Fumagalli
Carulli
– Prof. Paulus Zulu
– Prof. Wilfrido V. Villacorta
10:30 Break
11:15 Session 10
Chairperson: Mr. Justice Nicholas
McNally
Speaker:
– Dr. Jacques Diouf
International
Justice, Water and Respect for the Creation
Commentators:
– Prof. Partha Dasgupta
– Prof. Paul J. Crutzen
– Prof. Hsin-chi Kuan
13:00 Lunch at the Casina Pio IV
15:00 Session 11
Chairperson: Prof. Edmond Malinvaud
Speaker:
– H.Em. Tarcisio Card. Bertone
International
Justice and International Governance in the Context of the Crisis of
Multilateralism
Commentators:
– President Prof. Mary Ann Glendon
– Prof. René Rémond
16:45 Break
17:15 Session 12
Chairperson: Prof. Mary Ann Glendon
Round Table:
– H.Em. Walter Card. Kasper
– Rabbi David Rosen
– H.Em. Pierre Card. Sfeir Nasrallah
– H.E. Msgr. Antonios Naguib
Inter-religious
Dialogue and World Peace
19:15 Dinner at the Casina Pio IV
Tuesday, 1 May
2007
9:00 Session 13
Chairperson: Prof. Kevin Ryan
Speaker:
– Prof. Marcelo Suárez-Orozco
International Migrations and the Access of Immigrants and Their Families to a
Decent Standard of Living and to the Public Goods
Commentators:
– Prof. Pierpaolo Donati
– Prof. Rocco Buttiglione [invited]
– Prof. Maurizio Ambrosini
10:30 Break
11:00 Possible Papal Audience
13:00 Lunch at the Casina Pio IV
14:30 Conclusions and General
Discussion
– Introduction by Prof. Juan J. Llach
What Can the Social Sciences Contribute to Charity and Justice in the Relations
Among Peoples and Nations?
16:30 Break
17:00 Closed Session for Academicians
19:00 Dinner at the Casina Pio IV
Wednesday, 2 May
2007
9:00 Council Meeting
12:15 Press Conference at the Vatican
Sala Stampa
PONTIFICAL ACADEMICIANS
Prof.
Margaret S. ARCHER
THE
UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK
Department of
Sociology
COVENTRY
CV4 7AL, Warwickshire (United Kingdom)
Prof. Kenneth
ARROW
STANFORD
UNIVERSITY
Department of
Economics
STANFORD,
CA 94305-6072 (U.S.A.)
Prof. Belisario BETANCUR
FUNDACION SANTILLANA PARA
IBEROAMÉRICA
Calle 80, N° 9 - 75,
Apartado Aereo 3974
BOGOTÀ (Colombia)
Prof. Rocco BUTTIGLIONE
UDC
Via dei due Macelli, 66
00187 ROMA (Italy)
Prof. Partha S. DASGUPTA
UNIVERSITY OF
CAMBRIDGE
Faculty of
Economics and Politics
Austin
Robinson Building - Sidgwick Avenue
CAMBRIDGE CB3
9DD (United Kingdom)
Prof. Pierpaolo DONATI
UNIVERSITÀ DI BOLOGNA
Facoltà di Scienze
Politiche
Dipartimento di Sociologia
Strada Maggiore, 45
I-40125 BOLOGNA (Italy)
Prof. Ombretta FUMAGALLI
CARULLI
UNIVERSITÀ CATTOLICA DEL
SACRO CUORE
Facoltà di Giurisprudenza
Largo A. Gemelli, 1
I-20123 MILANO (Italy)
President
Prof. Mary Ann GLENDON
HARVARD
UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW
Hauser Hall
504
1525
Massachusetts Avenue
CAMBRIDGE,
MA 02138 (U.S.A.)
Prof. Paul KIRCHHOF
Universität Heidelberg
Institut für Finanz- und
Steuerrecht
Friedrich-Ebert-Anlage 6
-10
D-69117
HEIDELBERG (Federal Republic of Germany)
Prof. Hsin-Chi KUAN
Chairman of
the Department of Government & Public Administration
Faculty of
Social Sciences
Third Floor,
T.C. Cheng Building
CHINESE
UNIVERSITY OF HONG KONG
United
College, Shatin, New Territories
HONG KONG (People's Republic of China)
Lic. Juan
José LLACH
Urquiza 875
(B1638BWC) Vicente Lopez,
BUENOS AIRES
(Argentina)
Mr. Justice
Nicholas J. McNALLY
468 Dandaro Village,
Borrowdale
HARARE
(Zimbabwe)
Former
President Prof. Edmond MALINVAUD
CENTRE DE RECHERCHE EN
ECONOMIE ET STATISTIQUE
15, boulevard Gabriel Péri
F-92245 MALAKOFF Cedex
(France)
H.E. Msgr
Prof. Roland MINNERATH
Archêveché
20 rue du Petit-Potet
F-21000 DIJON (France)
Prof. Pedro MORANDÉ
PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD
CATOLICA DE CHILE
Decano de la Facultad de
Ciencias Sociales
Avenida Vicuña Mackenna
4860 - Casilla 306, Correo 22
SANTIAGO (Chile)
Prof. Vittorio POSSENTI
UNIVERSITÀ CA'
FOSCARI DI VENEZIA
Dipartimento di Filosofia e
Teoria delle Scienze
Palazzo Nani Mocenigo
Dorsoduro 960
I-30213 VENEZIA (Italy)
Prof. José T. RAGA
Paseo de la Castellana, 153
– 7°
28046 MADRID
(Spain)
Prof. Mina Magpantay
RAMIREZ
ASIAN SOCIAL
INSTITUTE
Graduate
School of Social Transformative Praxis
1518 Leon Guinto Street,
Malate
MANILA 1004 (Philippines)
Prof. René RÉMOND
FONDATION NATIONALE DES
SCIENCES POLITIQUES
27, rue Saint Guillaume
75337 PARIS Cedex 07
(France)
Prof. Kevin RYAN
20 Crafts
Road
CHESTNUT
HILL, MA 024678 (U.S.A.)
Prof. Louis SABOURIN
UNIVERSITÉ DE QUÉBEC
École Nationale
d'Administration Publique (GERFI)
4750, rue Henri-Julien
MONTRÉAL, Québec H2T 3E5
(Canada)
H.E. Msgr Marcelo SÁNCHEZ SORONDO
Cancelliere della
Pontificia Accademia delle Scienze e delle Scienze Sociali
Casina Pio IV
V-00120 VATICAN CITY
Prof. Herbert
SCHAMBECK
UNIVERSITY OF
LINZ
Institute for
Public Law and Political Sciences
Juridicum
A/4th floor,
A-4040 LINZ-AUHOF
(Austria)
Rev. Mgr Prof. Michel
SCHOOYANS
Voie du Roman Pays, 31-101
B-1348 LOUVAIN-LA-NUEVE (Belgium)
Prof. Krzysztof
SKUBISZEWSKI
Iran-United
States Claims Tribunal,
Parkweg 13
2585 JH DEN HAAG (The
Netherlands)
Professor
Joseph STIGLITZ
Columbia
University – Graduate School of Business
3022
Broadway, 814 Uris Hall
NEW YORK, NY
10027 (U.S.A.)
H.E.
Ambassador Hanna SUCHOCKA
Ambasciata della Polonia
presso la Santa Sede
Via dei Delfini, 16, int. 3
I-00186 ROMA (Italy)
Prof. Dr. Dr. Hans
TIETMEYER
Präsident der DEUTSCHEN
BUNDESBANK i.R.
Reichenbachweg 15B
D-61462
KÖNIGSTEIN (Federal Republic of Germany)
Prof. Wilfrido V.
VILLACORTA
107 Kamagong Street
Ayala Alabang Village
Alabang, 1780 Muntinlupa
City
Metromanila (Philippines)
Prof. Bedřich VYMĔTALÍK
Advocate
Office
Lískovecká
2089
738 01
FRYDEK-MISTEK (Czech Republic)
Prof. Hans F. ZACHER
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUT FÜR
AUSLANDISCHES
UND INTERNATIONALES
SOZIALRECHT
Amalienstrasse 33,
D-80799
MUNICH (Federal Republic of Germany)
Prof. Paulus
ZULU
UNIVERSITY OF
KWAZULU NATAL
Director,
Maurice Webb Race Relations Unit
King George V
Avenue
4041 DURBAN,
Natal (South Africa)
STIFTUNG
Dr. Dr.
Herbert BATLINER
Aeulestrasse 74
FL-9490 VADUZ
(Principality of Liechtenstein)
Mr. Cornelius G. FETSCH
Rahmerstrasse
34
D-40489
DUSSELDORF (Federal Republic of Germany)
H.E. Msgr. Egon KAPELLARI
Diozesanbischof Graz-Seckau
Bishofplatz 4, Postfach 872
A-8011 GRAZ (Austria)
Dr. Martin STRIMITZER
Präsident des Bundesrates
i.R.
Kirchstrasse 49
A-6091 GÖTZENS, Tirol (Austria)
PONTIFICAL COUNCIL FOR JUSTICE AND PEACE
H.E. Msgr Giampaolo CREPALDI
Segretario del Pontificio
Consiglio "Iustitia et Pax"
Palazzo S. Calisto
V-00120
VATICAN CITY
OUTSIDE EXPERTS
Prof. Philip
ALLOTT
Professor
Emeritus of
International
Public law
Cambridge
University
Trinity
College
CAMBRIDGE CB2
1TQ (United Kingdom)
Prof. Maurizio AMBROSINI
UNIVERSITÀ DI MILANO
Facoltà di Scienze
Politiche
Dipartimento di Studi
Sociali e Politici
Via Conservatorio, 7
20122 MILANO (Italy)
H.Em. Card. Tarcisio
BERTONE
Segretario di Stato di Sua
Santità
Segreteria di Stato
V-00120 VATICAN CITY
H.E. Msgr. Paul Joseph
CORDES
Presidente del Pontificio
Consiglio “Cor Unum”
Piazza San Calisto, 16
V-00120 VATICAN CITY
Prof. Paul J. CRUTZEN
MAX-PLANCK-INSTITUTE FOR CEHMISTRY
Department.
of Atmospheric Chemistry
P.O. Box 3060
D-55020 MAINZ
(Federal Republic of Germany)
Prof. Luis Ernesto DERBEZ
BAUTISTA
Secretaria de Relaciones
Exteriores
Ricardo Flores Magon N. 2
Edificio Nuevo, Ala A piso 3
TLATELOLCO 06995, Mexico
City DF (Mexico)
Msgr. Joseph DI NOIA, O.P.
Sotto-Segretario della
Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede
Palazzo del Sant’Uffizio,
11
V-00120 VATICAN CITY
Dr. Jacques
Diouf, Director-General
Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations
Via delle Terme di
Caracalla
00100 ROMA
(Italy)
Prof. Thomas
FRIEDMAN
The New York Times
1627 Eye Street, NW, #700
WASHINGTON , DC 20006 (U.S.A.)
Dr. José
Miguel Insulza,
Secretary General
Organziation of American
States
General Secretariat
Building (GSB)
1889 F
Street, N.W.
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20006 (U.S.A.)
H.Em. Card.
Walter KASPER,
Presidente
Pontificio Consiglio per la
Promozione dell’Unità dei Cristiani
Via dell’Erba, 1
V-00120
VATICAN CITY
Dr. Henry
KISSINGER
350 Park
Avenue, 26th floor
NEW YORK, NY
10022 (U.S.A.)
Prof. Jean Pierre LANDAU
Banque de France
Headquarters
31 rue Croix des petits
champs
75001 PARIS (France)
His Em. Card.
Renato R. Martino,
President
Pontificio Consiglio della Giustizia
e della Pace
Piazza San Calisto
V-00120 VATICAN CITY
H.E. Msgr. Celestino
MIGLIORE
Nunzio Apostolico,
Osservatore Permanente
Permanent
Observer Mission of the Holy See
20 East 72nd
Street
NEW YORK,
N.Y. 10021-4196 (U.S.A.)
H.E. Msgr Antonios
NAGUIB
Patriarch of
Alexandria
B.P. 69,
34 Rue Ibn Sandar, Pont de Koubbeh,
11712 LE
CAIRE (Egypt)
Dr. David
ROSEN, Rabbi
International
Director of Interreligious Affairs
The American
Jewish Committee
Middle east
office
P.O. Box 37068
91370 JERUSALEM (Israel)
Prof.
Jeffrey D. Sachs
(Heidi G.
Kleedtke,Executive Assistant)
Director of the Earth Institute at Columbia University
314 Low Library, MC 4327
535 W. 116th Street
NEW YORK, N.Y. 10027 (U.S.A.)
His Em.
Card. Pierre SFEIR NASRALLAH
Patriarch of Antioch for
Maronites
Patriarcat
Maronite
BKERKE’
(Lebanon)
Prof. Marcelo SUAREZ
OROZCO
University Professor &
The Courtney Sale Ross
University Professor of Globalization and Education Co-Director, Immigration
Studies at NYU Co-Director, Institute for Globalization and Education in
Metropolitan Settings, IGems
726 Broadway, 5th Floor
NEW YORK, N.Y.
10003-6644 (U.S.A.)
Prof. Giorgio VITTADINI
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI
MILANO–BICOCCA
Dipartimento di Statistica
Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo
I-20126
MILANO (Italy)
